Since late March 2010, southern Iceland’s “junior” volcano beneath the Eyjafjallajokull glacier has been spewing tonnes of volcanic material throwing air traffic though Europe to chaos and threatening to cause long term damage to the environment and weather not only in Iceland but to far flung areas in Western Europe and possibly the rest of the world. Few stats about this volcano and volcanic eruptions in general:

1. The last eruption was in 1821 and lasted for about two years. That time it spewed a lot of fluoride..which did not cover the upper atmosphere as much but had damaging results for organic life forms around.

2.Almost all past eruptions of Eyjafjallajokull have been followed by subsequent eruptions of its might brother, the giant Katla volcano.

3. If Katla too erupts, and ejects 10 million or more tons of sulphur dioxide..then global freezing may start as early within  next 2 years. Currently Eyjafjallajokull  alone is spewing 3000 tonnes of volcanic material per day (most sulphur dioxide) and shows no signs of slowing down.

4. The volcanic ash, which is extremely fine had a lower melting point than the interior of a jet plan engine. So when a plane passes through this ash, it gets in liquid molten state, seeps through the engine and gets solidified on the turbines where the temperature is much less. This solid glass like surface affects air flow and drastically reduce the thrust apart from permanently shutting down the engines.

5. Once this ash settles on Earth it will endanger the lungs of children, asthmatics and others with respiratory ailments.

6. The ash from the eruption has spread around the world quite quickly, within a few days and will cause the average temperature of the Earth to go down by one degree. If Katla too erupts, and the eruption continues for a long time, then Earth might be forced into another Ice age, causing permanent extinction of thousands of species.

7. Around 70,000 years ago, a volcano in Indonesia, Mount Toba had a big eruption which caused six year long winters followed by an Ice Age. Resulting environmental changes caused a near extinction of the human species.

8. Another fallout of continued volcanic eruptions: Acid Rains. The ash might mix with water vapour in the upper atomoshere, causing the sulphur dioxide in it to mix with water condensing and falling as acid rain on Earth.

One possible cause which might have triggered this Icelandic volcano can be the recent series of Earthquakes around the world (Haiti, Chile, Turkey, China and many others). Looks like the Poles have finally started reversing!

Yesterday I was talking with an old friend, discussing the age-old and widely debated concept of souls,or atmas as commonly known in Hindi. As usual I was quite overwhelmed listening his strong views and belief regarding the existence of souls. And being a strong atheist I beg to differ 🙂 , and here is what I think based on some research and my current understanding of the human brain  and consciousness.

50,000 years of modern human evolution and multiple genetic mutations which helped us reach the current evolutionary stage might have been the seeding thoughts forcing us to imagine a powerful force behind creation, something which cannot be defined or can has multiple forms overseeing us and nature. The seemingly complex nature and behavior of natural systems around us, including the way our brain works, can be a reason why still most of us believe in spirituality, if not the religious definition of GOD.

Just think on it, throughout the modern human history (last 5,000 years) we have followed a certain pattern with diligence: if we could not comprehend some natural event or occurence, we imagined a force behind it (aka GOD) and assumed this force controlled everything, including us. Going against Occam’s Razor was easy, gave us a peace of mind, and a possible answer to some of the curious brains. But few of us dared to think, go against the tide, discover and invent new new things, and many times their discoveries and inventions went against the pre-conceived notions of the world around us, making some of us feel very uncomfortable with the “new ideas”. As humans, it is natural for most of us to settle down with our beliefs, and resist change. In simpler terms, most of us would instinctively resist a radical change. This may be due a “safety-switch” evolutionary pre-programmed in us which prevents us from taking big risks. We don’t like to accept new theories, ideas or anything that changes our current thought process radically. This mental inertia is an integral part of human nature, a speed breaker to creative reasoning.

Coming back to the topic of this post, since thousands of years we formulated and belived in the concept of a soul. And many of us still do, no matter how many scientific and rational explanations exist invalidating such a concept. Does it exist or not, is a question which is better answered by studying how our brain works, and what exactly is consciousness.

From whatever little understanding of human brain we have, we know that our brain is inter-connected with billions of cells called neurons, which are, in simple terms cells carrying ions. These cells have a special property: they can get “charged” and transmit electrical signals to other neurons via complex neurological pathways. Each neuron will only transmit a signal to the other neuron once its threshold has been reached. So basically if the neuron has a certain amount of charge on it, only then will it let the electrical signal to pass through. This works just like any electrical circuit, for example, when you switch on your light bulb, it instantly lights up. In this case charge is travelling using electrons, which are much lighter than ions. That is why normal electrical signals using electrons are way faster than our electro-chemical signals where charge travels as ions. And that is why we cannot think “as fast as a computer” 🙂

Now an interesting property of moving charges is that they generate an electro-magnetic field (EMF), be it electrons or ions like in our brain. So any electrical movement through neurons inside our brain is bound to generate an electro-magnetic (EM) field. This is roughly what we can call as consiouness. If you shut down this EM field, your consciousness too shuts down, and you would be brain-dead, even though you could be living (for example, a patient in deep state coma).

(to be continued..)